India's IRM strategy neglects moral economic considerations andĮntrepreneurial agricultural logic that Indian cotton farmers strive for. Representative survey in the state of Telangana (n= 457) and show that India's IRM strategy differs substantially from successful strategies Strategies in the form of policy-diluting alterations. Seriously flawed due to government-induced mistranslations of foreign Building upon the literature on policyĪssemblages we show that the implementation of the IRM strategy in India was Insect resistance management (IRM) strategy. In light of recent pink bollworm (PBW) pest infestations in severalĬotton-producing states in India, farmers of genetically engineered BtĬotton (Bt for Bacillus thuringiensis) have faced fierce criticism for their noncompliance with the national However, in following such "modern" practices, farmers are more susceptible to external influences in their agricultural decision-making (didactic learning), with negative effects on their local knowledge resulting in agricultural deskilling (Stone, 2007 Stone and Flachs, 2017). This mindset of intensifying modernization, incentivized, for example, by climbing support prices of input-heavy cotton, rejects traditional farming practices, as these are regarded as "backward" and instead favors capital-and input-intensive farming practices (e.g., hybrid seeds increasing water, fertilizer, and insecticide intensity cash-and monocropping and nonsubsistence) (Stone and Flachs, 2017 Flachs and Stone, 2018). Recently, however, as Stone and Flachs (2017) outline, increasingly modern and industrialized cotton production has been promoted in India through Indian government policies, the agro-scientific establishment, and favorable market conditions, which has encouraged farmers to turn toward a more entrepreneurial agricultural logic.
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